The invention provides a spectrum comparison and judgment apparatus for comparing and judging a drug from a spectrum treatment device based on the standard auxiliary material spectrum storage libraryand the standard drug spectrum storage library in a standard spectrum storage system. The spectrum comparison and judgment apparatus comprises: a comparison and judgment part for comparing spectrum auxiliary material information to the auxiliary material information of the same rank of a drug, and judging whether the two information are consistent, wherein a first result setting part sets the drugas a first qualified drug if the two information are consistent; an average similarity value calculation part for calculating the average similarity value between a final spectrum and the standard drug spectrum of the same manufacturer information; an average similarity value judging part for judging whether the average similarity value is within a predetermined average value range, wherein a second result setting part sets the drug as a second qualified drug when the average similarity value is within the predetermined average value range, and a result judging part judges the authenticity ofthe drug when the drug is set as the first qualified drug and the second qualified drug.