The invention discloses a GLONASS carrier single-difference residuals estimation method. The GLONASS carrier single-difference residuals estimation method comprises the following steps: constructing an inter-station single-difference observation equation through GLONASS carrier observation data by adopting a zero base line or a short base line; selecting a starting epoch; if two satellites with afrequency number difference value of 1 exist, selecting the two satellites as resolving standards; introducing the two resolving standards and taking an ambiguity parameter between the two standard satellites as parameter estimation; carrying out combined adjustment and resolving observation value residuals; when the satellite corresponding a first standard disappears, reselecting one satellite tracked by the epoch as a reference satellite and eliminating rank defect influences, so as to realize GLONASS single-epoch carrier residuals calculation of a full rank of each epoch. According to the GLONASS carrier single-difference residuals estimation method disclosed by the invention, GLONASS carrier single-difference residuals estimation without the need of considering frequency difference canbe realized, so that a theoretical foundation is laid for establishing a radom model of a GLONASS system carrier observation value.