The invention discloses a particulate matter removing system based on a radiation-induced electric field under the vacuum condition. The particulate matter removing system comprises a vacuum containeras well as an ultraviolet lamp and an electronic gun which are arranged in the vacuum container, wherein the ultraviolet lamp and the electronic gun are correspondingly arranged on two side surfacesof a partition plate; the partition plate is rotated through a rotating device; the ultraviolet lamp and the electronic gun are rotated along with the partition plate to certain positions; particulatematters radiated by the ultraviolet lamp and the electronic gun are produced into positively charged particles and negatively charged particles; and under the action of a transverse electric field, the particulate matters move and break away from an adhesive material, and then are removed. The invention further discloses a particulate matter removing method. According to the particulate matter removing system and method disclosed by the invention, the particulate matters are removed by utilizing the charged characteristics of the particulate matters under the vacuum condition; no special treatment of the particulate matters is needed; furthermore, the contact state between the particulate matters and an adhesive surface need not be changed; and the boundary and the directionality of a removing zone are defined.