The invention discloses a method for detecting bee cleaning behavior. The method comprises the following steps: step 1) opening a beehive cover, finding out a brood comb, and finding out a brood combregion in a red eye period; step 2) marking M sealed broods; step (3) artificially making the bee pupae in the M sealed broods become dead pupae, but not destroying the sealed broods; step 4) after waiting for N hours, recording the number of dead pupae which are not cleaned out in the M sealed covers; and step 5) calculating the cleaning rate. If the cleaning ratio is more than 80%, the speed ofcleaning the dead pupae is very high. In a breeding project, swarms with a relatively high cleaning speed and swarms with a relatively low cleaning speed often need to be found out, selection can be carried out only after differences are found out, and genetic progress can be achieved only after the selection is carried out. The swarms with a relatively high cleaning speed and the swarms with a relatively low cleaning speed are found out, and the bee species with a high cleaning ratio and a high cleaning speed have high anti-mite ability, and can be further applied to a breeding project of anti-mite bee species.