The invention provides a prefabrication installation method for ultra-high performance concrete deck type box arch bridge segments, and belongs to the technical field of bridge construction methods. According to the prefabrication installation method for the ultra-high performance concrete deck type box arch bridge segments, box arch segments of the ultra-high performance concrete prefabricated deck type box arch bridge are adopted; and joints at both ends of the box arch segments are provided with raised heads and grooves which are in matching butt joint, and pore passages and grooves of stretching cables are formed in the box arch segments. The box arch segments are lifted in position, the butting raised heads and the grooves of every two adjacent box arch segments are in butt joint witheach other, and the stretching cables penetrate through the pore passages and are fixed to the grooves in a stretching mode; buckle cables and wind absorbing cables are installed and stretched on thebox arch segments, the elevation and arch axes of the box arch segments are adjusted, the box arch segments are sequentially spliced, and joints of closure segments are connected by smearing epoxy resin glue or pumping into a grouting agent and stretched steadily for arching. Spandrel columns and cover beams are installed to complete auxiliary works and bridge deck pavement. The prefabrication installation method for the ultra-high performance concrete deck type box arch bridge segments improves the construction speed and precision, reduces the construction cost of the ultra-high performanceconcrete arch bridge, and promotes a more attractive, slim and concise bridge shape.