The invention provides a power positioning energy-saving thrust distribution method based on an improved differential evolution mechanism, which comprises the following steps of: step 1, determining adynamic positioning power demand; step 2, establishing a dynamic positioning power distribution mathematical model; step 3, initializing a solution aiming at the power distribution problem in the power positioning; step 4, selecting a mutation mode according to the mutation constant lambda; step 5, performing the mutation operation; step 6, performing the cross operation; step 7, evaluating the adaptive value of all the solutions, and recoding the optimal solution; step 8, judging whether the termination condition is met or not, and if yes, executing the step 9, otherwise, returning to the step 4; Step 9: stopping the loop, outputting the optimal solution, and performing power allocation according to the optimal solution. According to the invention, the thrust required by the power positioning ship is reasonably distributed to each propeller, on the basis of ensuring the safety of the ship, the energy consumption of the ship and the operation cost of the ship are reduced, and the pollution of the ship is also reduced.