The invention relates to a method for recovering platinum and rhenium from an invalid alumina-based platinum-rhenium catalyst. The method specifically comprises the following steps that (1) roasting is conducted; (2) acid leaching is conducted; (3) resin adsorption is conducted; (4) a desorption liquid is subjected to complexation treatment; (5) the desorption liquid is subjected to controlled potential electrodeposition to obtain the platinum; and (6) the rhenium is obtained through controlled potential electrodeposition. According to the method, the controlled potential electrodeposition method is adopted to deposit the platinum and the rhenium, so that pure platinum powder and pure rhenium powder are obtained, the purpose of effective separation of the platinum and the rhenium is achieved, the processes of precipitation and calcination of ammonium chloroplatinate and ammonium perrhenate are omitted, the technology process is short, the metal recovery rate is high, reagent consumption is low, and environment friendliness is achieved; and compared with a traditional calcination method, the platinum powder and the rhenium powder prepared through electrodeposition is large in specific surface area, high in powder purity and high in chemical activity, and subsequent preparation of compounds is facilitated more.