The invention relates to a construction and maintenance operation method of a cast-in-place roadbed slab type ballastless track, and belongs to the technical field of maintenance and repair of high-speed railway ballastless track structures. The basic process is that: after determining a roadbed slab in need of renovation and repair, steel bars are embedded in the roadbed slab at the two ends outside a to-be-repaired roadbed slab segment in a first skylight, then the to-be-repaired roadbed slab is completely cut and ripped away by the aid of laterally inward or outwardly shifting steel rails,and finally after the steel rails are locked by temporary sleepers, the line is opened; and enough time is left for re-lay sleepers in a second skylight, and roadbed slab rapid-hardening concrete is cast, to restore the track structure. The method can completely remedy the disease of the cast-in-place roadbed slab type ballastless track without cutting the steel rails. The method is quick in construction, practical and reliable and cost-effective, and can be applied to the requirements of the disease remediation of the cast-in-place roadbed slab type ballastless track under various working conditions while the quality and work efficiency are guaranteed.