The invention discloses a feeding structure of capsules for powder brewing and an instant drink vending machine. The feeding structure of the capsules for powder brewing includes a capsule storage device and a rotating device; the capsule storage device comprises an inner layer capsule storage drum and an outer layer capsule containing drum; the rotating device includes an inner layer positioningsheet matched with the inner layer capsule containing drum, an inner layer sensor, an outer layer positioning sheet matched with the outer layer capsule containing drum and an outer layer sensor. According to the provided feeding structure of the capsules for powder brewing, the capsules for powder brewing can be stored in the capsule storage device, then the rotating device is utilized to drive and fix the capsule storage device at a fixed position for feeding, and therefore the instant drink vending machine can directly utilize the capsules for powder brewing to brew drinks after obtaining materials through a robot or other structures; there is no need to conduct grinding to obtain coffee powder, the preparation speed of the drinks is increased, and since the capsules for powder brewingcan adapt to brewing of any kind of powder which can be prepared into capsule structures, the variety of available drinks is enriched.