The invention discloses a mine TOA target positioning method for suppressing an NLOS time delay error. The method includes steps: firstly, positioning base stations and a positioning card are set; secondly, the positioning card sends distance detection signals to a positioning base station A and a positioning base station B; thirdly, a synchronous time delay and a timing error are eliminated by employing an SDS-TWR method; fourthly, a roadway random NLOS time delay error is suppressed by employing a Kalman filtering algorithm based on an innovation threshold; fifthly, a distance measured valueafter Kalman filtering based on the innovation threshold is calculated; sixthly, an error brought by a roadway fixed NLOS time delay error is eliminated according to a parameter fitting method; and seventhly, the target position of a to-be-positioned target is further estimated by employing a geometric algorithm. According to the method, the steps are simple, the realization is convenient, the roadway NLOS time delay error can be effectively suppressed, the mine TOA positioning precision can be effectively improved, the practicality is high, the usage effect is good, and the promotion and theapplication are facilitated.