The invention provides a structured light adaptive three-dimensional measurement method based on a camera response curve. The method comprises steps: a measurement gray value range and an exposure time range are preset, and in the preset measurement range, a reference image and reference exposure time are acquired; a reference point in the reference image is selected, and according to the exposureand the gray value obtained along with changes of the exposure time of the reference point, a camera response function is calculated; the camera response function is used to acquire relative irradiance values of all points, and based on the relative irradiance values and the camera response function, the exposure frequency and the exposure time are calculated; and images acquired in different exposure time are fused to a new stripe image sequence for three-dimensional reconstruction. An object with complex surface reflectivity can be adaptively reconstructed, the application range of a structured light measurement technology is expanded, the automatic degree of the measurement is improved, and good measurement effects can be achieved for a complex reflectivity surface.