The invention, which belongs to the field of reconnaissance systems, particularly relates to a coaxial photoelectric reconnaissance system comprising a Cassegrain non-focus coaxial two-inverse commonoptical path, an infrared imaging system and a visible light imaging system. The Cassegrain non-focus coaxial two-inverse common optical path includes a primary mirror and a secondary mirror; and light emitted by a target is reflected and collimated by the primary mirror and the secondary mirror twice and then parallel light is emitted. A reflection mirror is arranged at the path of parallel lightemission by the Cassegrain non-focus coaxial two-inverse common optical path to realize light turning of parallel light. A first transmission-reflection mirror is arranged at the reflection light path of the reflection mirror to realize reflection of infrared light and transmission of visible light. The visible light imaging system is used for receiving visible light transmitted by the first transmission-reflection mirror and carrying out imaging; and the infrared imaging system is used for receiving infrared light reflected by the first transmission-reflection mirror and carrying out imaging. Therefore, visible-light and infrared-band optical systems and a laser optical system are integrated under the condition of small size, so that target observation in various environments is realized.