The invention provides an isotropic vision-sensing stereoscopic spherical target object which comprises a mark module, a circular marker and a sphere support. A calibration method of the isotropic vision-sensing stereoscopic spherical target object comprises the steps of connecting the stereoscopic spherical target object and a flange plate at the tail end of a robot, wherein the robot comprises abinocular vision system, and the binocular vision system faces the stereoscopic spherical target object and is used for acquiring vision information of the stereoscopic spherical target object; calibrating the binocular system, calibrating hands and eyes of the robot, calibrating a conversion relation between a tail end target object coordinate system and the tail end of the robot, and building awhole situation measurement coordinate system; obtaining a theoretical tail end pose of robot movement according to a robot movement model; carrying out binocular vision measurement on a target object ball at the tail end of the robot, calculating a pose of a measured target object sphere space point in a spherical coordinate, converting the pose to the tail end of the robot according to the calibration result, and obtaining the pose of the tail end of the robot; and controlling the robot to move, and calculating a theoretical pose and a measured pose at the time.