The invention relates to a gear tooth groove following single-tooth induction quenching ball head guiding device and a gear tooth groove following single-tooth induction quenching ball head guiding method, and belongs to the technical field of guiding devices. An accommodating groove and two arc-shaped grooves are formed in a pedestal; the arc-shaped grooves are communicated with the accommodatinggroove; a guiding angle adjusting slide block is rotatably arranged inside the accommodating groove; a length adjusting slide block is connected with the guiding angle adjusting slide block; the length adjusting slide block can rotate relative to the pedestal along with the guiding angle adjusting slide block; a clamping slot is formed in the length adjusting slide block; two ball head guiding assemblies are slidably arranged inside the clamping slot; the two ball head guiding assemblies can oppositely draw close to each other or keep away from each other; the ball head guiding assemblies areabutted into the tooth groove of a gear. Through the gear tooth groove following single-tooth induction quenching ball head guiding device and the gear tooth groove following single-tooth induction quenching ball head guiding method, the relative distance, the guiding angle, the guiding length and the ball head height of symmetric double-row ball head guiding devices can be conveniently adjustedaccording to specific gear parameters; the gear tooth groove following single-tooth induction quenching ball head guiding device is easy and flexible to adjust and strong in adaptability.