The invention relates to a novel energy absorbing device for rail vehicles, belonging to the technical field of collision safety of rail vehicles. The anti-climbing device in the energy absorbing device of rail vehicles is arranged at the front end of the energy absorbing device, and one side of the anti-climbing device is provided with anti-climbing teeth. Between that first-stage energy-absorbing structure and the second-stage energy-absorbing structure, a connecting plate is arranged, and the base is arranged at the rear end of the energy-absorbing device, and is connected with the second-stage energy-absorbing structure. Tool mounting seats are mounted on the other side of the climb preventer for mounting cutting tools. A spring parallel to the axis is arranged in the inner center of the first stage energy absorption structure, and the two ends of the spring are fixedly connected with a connecting plate and a cutter mounting seat respectively; the inner center of the second stage energy absorbing structure is provided with a spring parallel to the axis thereof, and the two ends of the spring are fixedly connected with a connecting plate and a base respectively. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, good energy absorption effect and convenient installation, and can greatly improve the collision resistance of the energy absorption device.