The invention discloses a rolling stock braking clamp unit test system as well as a method. The system comprises a simulated hanging device, a simulated brake disc and a control device, wherein the simulated hanging device is used for transversely and/or longitudinally adjusting hanging size of a braking clamp unit; the simulated brake disc is used for performing a performance test on the brakingclamp unit; and the control device is used for controlling the simulated hanging device and the simulated brake disc and automatically acquiring test data. The system disclosed by the invention realizes transverse and/or longitudinal adjustment on the braking clamp unit during hanging by arranging the simulated hanging device, so as to guarantee that the system can adapt to multiple braking clampunits with different sizes, and the actual hanging situation of the braking clamp unit is successfully simulated; and by arranging the control device, not only the simulated hanging device and the simulated brake disc can be controlled at any time, but also the test data can be automatically acquired in a test process, so that automation degree of operation and working efficiency are improved, anda mistake can not be made easily.