The invention discloses a carrier rocket health monitoring system and method. The method is provided for the specific measurement and launching complexity of a new generation of large-scale low-temperature carrier rocket. Mainly oriented to moon exploration, fire detection engineering narrow window and zero window emission task requirements are met; The system comprises a man-machine interaction subsystem, The system comprises a data service subsystem, a data management subsystem and a data acquisition subsystem, applies the technologies of big data, image recognition, voice recognition and intelligent search, makes full use of test data of multiple times and multiple fields, and achieves the functions of real-time health monitoring, rapid data analysis, auxiliary fault analysis and positioning and emission plan support of test and emission control of a large-scale low-temperature carrier rocket.