The invention provides a multi-source electric drive system economic optimization method combining cost and service life factors. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, determining a wholevehicle configuration and an energy management strategic architecture; step 2, determining a fuel cell power following control strategy of a composite power fuel cell parallel output configuration hierarchical energy management architecture; step 3, determining a stratified instantaneous optimal energy management strategy of a composite power subsystem of the composite power fuel cell parallel output configuration hierarchical energy management architecture; step 4, performing economic optimization based on the equivalent hydrogen consumption in cycle operating conditions; step 5, performing system optimization by combining quality and service life factors; and step 6, implementing multi-objective optimization. The method combines system efficiency, service life, quality, cost and other factors, and a multi-objective optimization method for a fuel cell power system is established, so that the reduction of the equivalent hydrogen consumption in the cycle operating conditions of a wholevehicle is realized, the cost of the whole vehicle is controlled and the service life of the whole vehicle is guaranteed.