The invention provides a power-on and power-off control method for a dual-energy source electric drive system. The control method comprises a top-level state which comprises a low-voltage power-on strategy, a high-voltage power-on and power-off strategy for a driving process and a parking process in which a fuel cell charges a power battery, and a high-voltage power-off strategy for a fuel cell emergency shutdown process and a power battery emergency shutdown process, and further comprises a low-voltage power-off strategy; the high-voltage power-on and power-off strategy for the driving process refers to the control strategy for the fuel cell and a power battery main relay in the processes of starting, accelerating, driving steadily and slowing down to stop of a vehicle; the high-voltage power-on and power-off strategy for the parking process in which the fuel cell charges the power battery refers to the control strategy for the fuel cell to the power battery main relay when parking; the high-voltage power-off strategy for the emergency shutdown processes refers to the control strategy for each main relay when the fuel cell or the battery fails or the jump times out.