The invention discloses a robot for archives management and a navigation and positioning system and method thereof. The navigation and positioning method includes receiving a movement instruction; moving reversely along the X axis; detecting whether Y11 and Y12 are greater than the preset upper limit of distance or not; moving to a target working area along the X axis and locating in a working passage; detecting whether the first condition is met or not; entering a navigation area which takes compact shelving as reference and setting to take a third sensor and a fourth sensor as navigation sensors; moving to the target working area along the Y axis; determining whether random obstacles exist or not; detecting whether the relation that lX21-X22l/=infinity is satisfied or not; determining whether the relation lY-YNl/=infinityor X22>/=infinity is satisfied or not; determining whether the relation X22>/=infinity is satisfied or not; determining whether the relation that Y=YN+(L2-LY) is satisfied or not; determining whetherthe relation X32>/=infinity is satisfied or not; controlling the distance between the robot and the compact shelving; leaving after finishing the task. The system and method can realize positioning and altitude determining of the robot without changing environments of archives rooms or assistance of external auxiliary devices, and has high reliability and robustness.