A road pavement structure and intelligent snow-melting and deicing treatment system applicable to cold regions comprises a pavement structure base layer, and a battery container and a lamp pole of a solar street lamp. The road pavement structure and intelligent snow-melting and deicing treatment system is characterized in that a snow-melting and deicing pavement structure layer is arranged on thepavement structure base layer, an intelligent integrated small cabinet is arranged on the lamp pole, and an intelligent main controller is mounted in the intelligent integrated small cabinet; the intelligent main controller is connected with the battery container, and the battery container is connected with the snow-melting and deicing pavement structure layer; the snow-melting and deicing pavement structure layer comprises heat-conducting layers, a heat-generating layer and a heat-insulating layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the heat-conducting layers include a lower heat-conducting layer and an upper heat-conducting layer, and the pavement structure base layer in the prior art is arranged on the lower side of the heat-insulating layer. The road pavement structureand intelligent snow-melting and deicing treatment system has the advantages that the snowfall weather can be recognized according to external environment temperature and pavement environment temperature, the intelligent main controller is automatically turned on or off, a pavement is heated to a set temperature, falling snow can be immediately melt when falling to the road, and accordingly, the objectives of not interrupting the traffic and ensuring the driving safety are achieved.