The invention discloses a method and system for intelligently identifying power grid stockbridge damper based on transfer learning algorithm, belongs to the technical field of AI identification, and solves the problem of low fault identification rate of an AI model under the condition that the acquired sample size is insufficient when fault identification is performed on an image acquired by an unmanned aerial vehicle inspection power grid line through the AI model in the prior art. According to the method, AI modeling is carried out based on acquired source data and a fasterrcnn algorithm network, an original data model is generated, and the source data is composed of a JPG picture containing a power grid stockbridge damper; on the basis of the obtained target data, the original data model is migrated through a migration learning algorithm to generate a target data model, the target data is composed of anti-vibration hammer characteristics of the power grid; and the to-be-detected power grid stockbridge damper picture is automatically identified based on the target data model to obtain a final identification result. The method is used for intelligent identification of the power grid stockbridge damper.