The invention relates to the technical field of rail traffic stations, in particular to a ventilation structure of a rail traffic shallow buried station. The ventilation structure is characterized inthat a roof light is arranged at the position, above a floor escalator, above the roof of the station, a positive pressure blower is arranged on one side face of the roof light, a curtain wall is arranged on the periphery of the floor escalator in an enclosure manner, the top end of the curtain wall extends to the position below the station roof, a ventilation opening is formed in the position, corresponding to the roof light, of the station roof, the positive pressure blower is matched with the curtain wall through the ventilation opening to form a positive pressure ventilation path, and a passage door opening is formed in the curtain wall. The structure has the advantages that two working conditions of natural ventilation and positive pressure blowing can be provided, the space use rateof the underground hall is high, speed of wind leading to stairs from the station hall to the platform and the escalator opening meets the designated need, the natural light source can be smoothly ledinto the station, the station lighting energy consumption can be reduced, the dependency of the station on an air conditioner system is low, and energy consumption is saved.