The invention discloses a quench resistance simulation prediction method for a second-generation high-temperature superconducting tape, which belongs to the technical field of superconducting materials. The method comprises the following steps: (1) an AC impact or DC impact test is carried out on the superconducting tape, the voltage and the current of the superconducting tape during a quench process are measured, and the corresponding relationship R-Q between resistance R and accumulated Joule heat Q during the quench process of the superconducting tape is deduced; (2) the Joule heat Qn generated during the quench process is calculated through a mathematical model; and (3) the R-Q is queried by the Qn, the quench resistance Rin at the next moment is obtained, n is set to be n+1, Rn is Rin, the second step and the third step are repeated until the quench resistance of the superconducting tape at all moments is calculated. The invention also discloses a quench resistance simulation prediction system for the second-generation high-temperature superconducting tape. The quench resistance simulation calculation precision for the superconducting tape is high, the calculation speed is quick, and integration to a power simulation system for macro simulation is easy.