The invention discloses a day-ahead peaking resource optimal scheduling method based on thermal power unit peaking capability quotation. The method comprises steps: the operating parameters of a regional power grid thermal power unit are determined; a day-ahead peaking resource optimal scheduling model based on thermal power unit peaking capability quotation is built, wherein the operating cost ofthe thermal power unit comprises power generation cost and peaking compensation cost; and the model is solved to determine and output an optimal target value. On the premise of a thermal power unit peaking compensation mechanism specified by the market, the influences of the power generation cost and the peaking compensation cost of the unit on a unit power generation plan are planned as a whole,the total unit power generation cost and the lowest peaking compensation cost are used as optimization targets, the day-ahead power generation plan of the thermal power unit and a peaking standby plan are planned as a whole and determined, overall planning, coordination and formulation of the unit peaking standby plan and the power generation plan can be realized, a peaking auxiliary service market and an electric energy market can be effectively linked, the peaking cost of the system is minimized, the overall social benefits are improved, and new energy consumption is promoted.