The invention discloses an intelligent line and slope adjusting method based on an evolutionary algorithm. The method belongs to the field of line-adjusting and slope-adjusting algorithms. The methodis a global, efficient and parallel search method; according to the evolutionary algorithm-based intelligent line and slope adjustment method, knowledge related to a search space can be automaticallyaccumulated and acquired in a search process. The search process is adaptively controlled, so that the algorithm can obtain an optimal solution according to certain distribution. In the invention, a plane and a vertical section are expressed as a multi-dimensional vector, wherein each component represents a parameter of a plane and a vertical section. The disturbance is carried out on plane and vertical section parameters of the line. According to the method, a plurality of initial lines are formed. The selection crossover and variation are carried out by means of a genetic operator similar tonatural genetics. A population representing a new solution set is generated. The process enables the population of the later generation to be more suitable for the environment than the population ofthe former generation. The optimal individual in the population of the last generation is decoded to finally obtain an optimal line and slope adjusting scheme.