The invention discloses a method for constructing a fractional Maxwell numerical model of starting flow of a viscoelastic colloid damping buffer, and belongs to the field of colloid damping buffers. The method comprises the following steps that S1, a Maxwell model is constructed, the generalized viscoelastic model is that a spring and a sticky kettle are connected in series to serve as a mechanismelement, and the Maxwell model is adopted to be connected with two spring kettle mechanism elements in series; S2, the structure of the viscous-elastic colloid damping buffer is simplified, and the viscosity of a viscous-elastic fluid medium in the damping buffer is high when the viscous-elastic fluid medium moves; S3, an equation is controlled, wherein the time change rate of the total momentumin the fluid motion is equal to the sum of the volume force and the interaction surface force; S4, an initial value and a boundary condition are set; S5, dimensionless analysis is carried out; S6: numerical solution is carried out. According to the method for constructing the fractional Maxwell numerical model of the starting flow of the viscoelastic colloid damping buffer, MATLAB is selected forprogramming of numerical simulation, flow velocity distribution of the fractional Maxwell numerical model always keeps good viscoelasticity, and the model has better accuracy.