The embodiments of the invention provide a slope protection structure on one hand. The slope protection structure comprises an upper masonry structure, a lower masonry structure and a geosynthetic material structure; the upper masonry structure is arranged at the upper end of the slope surface of a slope; the lower masonry structure is arranged at the lower end of the slope surface; one end of thegeosynthetic material structure is adjacent to the upper masonry structure; and the other end of the geosynthetic material structure is adjacent to the lower masonry structure. The embodiments of theinvention provide a construction method of the slope protection structure on the other hand. The structural stability of the stratum at the upper end of the slope surface is enhanced by the upper masonry structure, the structural stability of the stratum at the lower end of the slope surface is enhanced by the lower masonry structure, on one hand, the consumption of masonry materials is reduced through the geosynthetic material structure, on the other hand, surface soil of the slope surface is effectively stabilized through the geosynthetic material structure, the slope surface does not needto be cut and dug massively in the construction process of the geosynthetic material structure, and the stability of surface soil of the slope surface is not affected.