The invention relates to a satellite sensor installation error on-orbit calibration method based on sequence maneuvering. The method comprises the following steps of S1, establishing a filtering model, wherein quaternion information is directly converted into Euler angle information by a satellite sensor data processing unit; S2, adopting a filtering algorithm, wherein an extended Kalman filter algorithm is adopted for estimating an installation error of a satellite sensor; S3, calibrating the satellite sensor by a high-precision gyroscope. The method has the advantages that a satellite sensorinstallation error on-orbit calibration algorithm adopting a strategy of multiple times of maneuvering is suitable for short-period satellite sensor installation error on-orbit calibration; the method aims at satisfying the satellite design demand for configuring the high-precision gyroscope and the low-precision satellite sensor, and can meet the requirement of a GNC mission for subsequent satellite sensor/gyroscope attitude determination.