The invention discloses an all-in-one drilling, loading and anchoring machine for roadway tunneling with a telescopic structure. The all-in-one drilling, loading and anchoring machine comprises a frame, a conveying trough body, a digging arm and a track walking mechanism, wherein the conveying trough body comprises a movable front trough body. A front roof bolter and a rear roof bolter are respectively arranged on one side or two sides of the digging arm, and telescopic arms are arranged on the outer side of the front roof bolter and are connected with sliding frame propelling beams. Drill armheads are arranged on the sliding frame propelling beams, and the sliding frame propelling beams are positioned on the two sides of the digging arm. Telescopic platforms are respectively arranged onthe frame under the two sides of the conveying trough body, and each telescopic platform comprises a fixed platform and an extending-out platform. The extending-out platforms are connected with a translation oil cylinder and a support arm translation oil cylinder, the translation oil cylinder and the support arm translation oil cylinder are connected with the telescopic arms and are connected withswing oil cylinders, and the swing oil cylinders are connected with the sliding frame propelling beams through supports. The all-in-one drilling, loading and anchoring machine integrates the functions of drilling blastholes, drilling anchor cable holes in anchor rods, digging and loading, conveying rock to the rear part of the machine and the like, and one machine can replace the operational functions of two or three devices.