The invention provides a ladle detection system. According to the system, a platform is arranged in the direction of a connecting line formed by the outer walls of one or more ladles, and the length direction of the platform is consistent with the direction of the connecting line formed by the outer walls of the ladles; a robot movement system comprising a track, a robot body and a mechanical armis arranged on the surface of the platform, the track is arranged on the surface of the platform, the length direction of the track is consistent with that of the platform, the robot body is placed onthe track, and the mechanical arm is arranged at the tail end of the robot body and used for mounting a detection device for detecting the temperature or components of molten steel in the ladles. Thedetection device mounted on the mechanical arm conducts temperature measurement or sampling on the molten steel in the ladles by controlling the robot body to move on the track and controlling the height of the mechanical arm, a worker does not need to get close to the ladles in the whole detection process, and the safety is high.