The invention discloses a two-dimensional layered vermiculite membrane and a production method thereof. The production method of the two-dimensional layered vermiculite membrane comprises the following steps of (1) mixing thermally-expanded vermiculite and a LiCl solution, and conducting heating, stirring, centrifugation and washing to produce powder A; (2) mixing the powder A and hydrogen peroxide, and conducting heating, stirring, centrifugation and washing to produce powder B; (3) mixing the powder B and water, conducting stirring at normal temperature, and after high-speed centrifugation and purification are conducted, conducting low-speed centrifugation to obtain a high-concentration large-size two-dimensional vermiculite nanosheet solution; and (4) stacking two-dimensional vermiculite nanosheets produced in the step (3) on a surface of a porous substrate layer by layer regularly to obtain the two-dimensional layered vermiculite membrane. The vermiculite nanosheets produced through the method have the advantages that the sheet layer size is large, the yield is high, the production cost is low, and the technology process is simple. According to the method, the thermally-expanded vermiculite is used for producing the two-dimensional layered vermiculite membrane, the produced two-dimensional layered vermiculite membrane has excellent membrane separation performance, and not only are solvent molecules and ions precisely intercepted, but also a high solvent penetration level is maintained.