The invention discloses a train management system. The train management system comprises vehicle-mounted equipment, an aerostat, a base station, a satellite and a dispatching center, wherein the vehicle-mounted equipment is used for acquiring train data information, establishing a communication connection with one of three types communication equipment of a aerostat, a base station and a satelliteaccording to the priority from high to low, and sending train data information to communication equipment for establishing communication connection; the aerostat, the base station and the satellite are used for receiving train data information and sending the train data information to the dispatching center; and the dispatching center is used for receiving the train data information and sending the train management information to the communication equipment for establishing communication connection according to the train data information, so that the communication equipment which is in communication connection can send the train management information to the vehicle-mounted equipment. The system comprises three types of communication equipment, namely the aerostat, the base station and the satellite, the vehicle-mounted equipment is preferentially connected with the high-priority communication equipment to transmit train data information, so that the information transmission stabilityis improved, and the safety of the train is guaranteed.