The invention discloses a trolley dynamic tracking method and device. The trolley dynamic tracking method comprises the following steps that S1, a signboard is installed on a trolley to be tested, ifthe trolley to be tested is multiple, the signboards on each trolley to be tested are different; S2, the image information of the corresponding signboard on each trolley to be tested is collected, thecollected image information is sent to a data library, the collected image information of the signboards is matched with each trolley to be tested in a one to one correspondence mode, and the matching data are stored; and S3, the image information of the signboards on the trolleys to be tested passing through preset positions is collected sequentially, and the collected image information of the current signboard is compared with the matching data in the data library to obtain the order and number of the trolleys to be tested passing through the preset positions. According to the trolley dynamic tracking method, the difficulty of tracking objects in high temperature and dusty environments is overcome, and the dynamic automatic tracking and positioning of the trolley through image acquisition and signboard setting are realized.