The invention discloses an ARM-based inter-pore elastic wave collection device and a control method. The device comprises a signal receiving probe, a signal conditioning module and processors, whereinthe processors are a main control unit processor and a collection unit processor respectively, the two processors are connected through serial ports, the main control unit processor is connected witha man-machine interaction module, the collection unit processor is connected with the signal conditioning module, and the signal conditioning module is connected with the signal receiving probe. By adopting the main processor to take charge of a man-machine interaction control task and the coprocessor to separately take charge of a data collection task, the two processors complete a hardware architecture for parameter setting and data transmission and communication through the two serial ports; and the characteristics that a data collection device has a high requirement on data collection instantaneity and a low requirement on subsequent data processing instantaneity are fully utilized, so that the requirement on the properties of a single dedicated processor is lowered, and the instantaneity of data collection can be guaranteed.