The invention discloses a multi-terrain single wheel electric self-balancing vehicle. The multi-terrain single wheel electric self-balancing vehicle comprises a drive motor, and further comprises a vehicle wheel and a vehicle body which are respectively connected with the drive motor in a cooperation mode, wherein the vehicle body is located on the side face of the vehicle wheel, the vehicle wheelcomprises multiple wheel body units movable connected with the drive motor, all the wheel body units cooperatively form a circumference-shaped structure, and each wheel body unit comprises an arc wheel body, telescopic support assemblies arranged on two sides of the arc wheel body and cooperatively connected with the drive motor and a wheel body support locking mechanism arranged between the arcwheel body and the drive motor. The multi-terrain single wheel electric self-balancing vehicle provides an important basis to changes of variable shapes of the vehicle wheel under different terrain conditions through the individual structure of the multiple unique vehicle wheel units of the vehicle wheel, achieves switching transformation of the vehicle wheel under complex terrain and flat groundmodes through cooperation of the telescopic support assemblies and the wheel body support locking mechanisms, is convenient and quick, improvs passing capacity of the self-balancing vehicle, and greatly facilitates trips.