The invention discloses a pier structure state evaluation method based on variable-speed vehicle excitation and wavelet packet analysis, and belongs to the technical field of bridge working state detection and evaluation. The invention provides a pier structure state evaluation method based on variable-speed vehicle excitation and wavelet packet analysis in order to improve the accuracy of pier structure detection and identification. According to the invention, the accurate bridge finite element model is established by using a model correction method, and a vehicle brake numerical simulation method is provided, so that a brake test scheme suitable for the bridge to be detected can be formulated more accurately. A proper wavelet basis function decomposition level is selected by using a costfunction, a pier top free attenuation section signal is used as a research object, and feature information with high sensitivity to damage is acquired through a wavelet packet decomposition signal processing mode. Indexes with high damage sensitivity and robustness are constructed, then the damage position and degree of the pier are recognized, and the performance state of the pier structure is evaluated.