The invention discloses a quality state imbalance prediction method for an energy storage lithium iron phosphate battery safety management system. The electrochemical characteristics of batteries areanalyzed according to the change trend information of impedance in the battery discharge process and consistency judgment is performed. Time-impedance data curves of all the batteries are collected, aprediction mathematical model is established, the correlation coefficient of the mathematical model and an original data curve is calculated, the batteries with electrochemical characteristics obviously different from those of other batteries are judged, and the battery numbers are reported to an administrator in time so as to replace the batteries in time. The method can greatly save the labor cost, and has a significant promotion effect on realizing consistency management of an energy storage battery system and guaranteeing the operation life and expected economic benefit of an energy storage power station.