The invention relates to a quick superplastic forming method of a complex style aluminum alloy part for a railway vehicle, and relates to the thermoforming technology field of aluminum alloy thin-walled parts. The quick superplastic forming method of the complex style aluminum alloy part for the railway vehicle includes: first using a male die with a curved shaping surface, pressing a sheet material into a position at 70%-80% of the depth of a female die, and then performing quick preforming on the sheet material within 1-2min; then, reversely inflating the interior of a die first, increasinginternal air pressure of the die from 0MPa to 0.3MPa within 2min, and performing superplastic forming on the sheet material after being quickly performed; and then forward inflating the interior of the die, increasing the internal air pressure of the die from 0MPa to 1.5MPa within 12min, keeping the internal air pressure at 1.5MPa for 3min, and then completing quick superplastic forming of the aluminum alloy part. The quick superplastic forming method of the complex style aluminum alloy part for the railway vehicle uses the male die with the curved shaping surface for performing the hot punching preforming on the heated sheet material, then performs the reverse superplastic inflation forming, optimizes distribution of the wall thickness of the sheet material, and finally preforms the forward superplastic inflation forming, thereby shortening forming time from 1-3h to a value within 20min, significantly improving production efficiency, reducing production cost, improving quality of thepart, and reducing operation difficulty.