The invention discloses a special lifting tool for steel rail lifting and a use method. The lifting tool comprises fixing clamping sleeves, rail clamping pliers, steel wire ropes and lifting rings; the steel wire ropes include an upper-section steel wire rope and lower-section steel wire ropes; the lifting rings include transition lifting rings and terminal lifting rings; the tips of two ends of asteel rail are sleeved with the fixing clamping sleeves; one terminal lifting ring is arranged above each fixing clamping sleeve; the terminal lifting rings are connected with the transition liftingrings through the lower-section steel wire ropes; the transition lifting rings are connected with lifting hooks and the rail clamping pliers respectively; and the transition lifting rings are connected with the lifting hooks through the upper-section steel wire rope. The invention further discloses the specific form of the rail clamping pliers and the structure of the fixing clamping sleeves. By the aid of the lifting tool, the safety problems caused by incorrect lifting point positions, shifting and falling of the rail clamping pliers, sudden stop of hoisting equipment and misoperation of equipment operators during steel rail lifting are solved, and the personnel and equipment implementation safety during lifting is guaranteed.