The invention discloses an electric two-stage supercharger. The two-stage supercharger pressurizes inlet air flowing to an internal combustion engine, and comprises a volute, a first-stage compressorimpeller, an outer protective cover, a cooling jacket, a second-stage compressor impeller, a high-speed motor with double output shafts, and a liquid cooling structure; the first-stage compressor impeller is rotationally mounted in an intake port of the volute; an outlet of the outer protective cover is formed in the intake port of the volute; a mounting cavity communicating with the intake port of the volute and an inlet are arranged in the outer protective cover; the cooling jacket is fixedly suspended in the mounting cavity of the outer protective cover for forming an interstage gas channelbetween the cooling jacket and the outer protective cover; the interstage gas channel communicates with the inlet and an outlet of the mounting cavity; and the second-stage compressor impeller is rotated in the inlet of the outer protective cover. The electric two-stage supercharger is compact in structure and small in size, and can greatly improve the air compression effect.