The invention provides an efficient grinding and chamfering all-in-one machine. The machine comprises a base assembly, workbench assemblies, a transfer manipulator, coarse grinding assemblies, refining assemblies, a coarse barreling assembly, a fine barreling assembly, a feeding mechanism and a discharging mechanism, wherein the base assembly comprises a base and a guide rail arranged on the base,the two workbench assemblies are arranged, the two workbench assemblies are slidably arranged at the two ends of the base correspondingly, the transfer manipulator is arranged in the middle of the base, the two coarse grinding assemblies and the two refining assemblies are arranged, and are each oppositely arranged on the two sides of the base, the coarse barreling assembly is arranged on one side of the base and located between the coarse grinding assemblies and the transfer manipulator, the fine barreling assembly is arranged on one side of the base and located between the refining assemblies and the transfer manipulator, and the feeding mechanism and the discharging mechanism are the same in structure and are arranged at the two ends of the base correspondingly. The machine can conductintegrated polishing on arcs, corners and surfaces of polysiliconsingle of different specifications, a coarse grinding procedure and a refining procedure do not interfere with each other, the idle time of the machine is shortened, the machine capacity is high, and the machining period is short.