The invention discloses a combustion chamber of a gas turbine and a working method of the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber comprises a combustion chamber outer wall and a combustion chamberinner wall. A gap is formed between the combustion chamber outer wall and the combustion chamber inner wall to form a combustion chamber air channel. Combustors are arranged at the top of the combustion chamber inner wall. Second air openings are arranged on the side wall of the combustion chamber inner wall. An air opening baffle used for controlling the opening degree of the second air openingsis further arranged on the combustion chamber inner wall. According to the combustion chamber, under the condition that the total air quantity keeps unchanged, the air opening baffle is moved to change the areas of the second air openings, the secondary air quantity is correspondingly increased or decreased, and therefore the combustion chamber adapts to the influence of environment temperature changes on the air density. When in winter, the environment temperature is low in winter and the air density is large, the secondary air quantity is increased. When in summer, the environment temperature is high and the air density is small, the secondary air quantity is decreased, and therefore combustion stability of the gas turbine is improved.