The invention relates to a cigarette suction resistance and dilution detection system and method. The cigarette suction resistance and dilution detection system comprises a detection drum and a monitoring mechanism, wherein the middle of the detection drum is provided with an annular airway; two ends of the detection drum are provided with drum discs for fixing a cigarette; one end of the cigarette to be detected is connected to the annular detection airway, and the other end is fixedly connected to the drum discs; the drum discs are internally provided with negative pressure sensors in one-to-one correspondence with the cigarette; the monitoring mechanism comprises a processor for processing information and an upper industrial personal computer; the processor collects signals of all the negative pressure sensors; and the processor collects and uploads the data of the sensors to the upper industrial personal computer through a communication bus, so as to accurately detect the cigarettesuction resistance and dilution, and detection data is transmitted to the upper computer in real time for big data statistics.