The invention provides a movable rapid monitoring system for a prefabricated bridge, which is used for monitoring and analyzing the structural safety of the prefabricated bridge. The system is characterized by comprising a data acquisition device and a data analysis device, wherein the data analysis device is in communication connection with the data acquisition device; the data acquisition deviceis provided with a plurality of data acquisition parts and an acquisition side communication part, the plurality of data acquisition parts are used for acquiring monitoring information of the fabricated bridge; the acquisition side communication part is used for sending the monitoring information to the data analysis device; and the data analysis device is provided with a safety threshold storagepart, a safety state acquisition part and a structure safety judgment part, the safety threshold storage part is used for storing a safety threshold of the fabricated bridge, the safety state acquisition part is used for acquiring safety state information of the fabricated bridge according to the monitoring information, and the structure safety judgment part is used for judging whether the safetystate information exceeds the safety threshold or not, and if so, the structure of the fabricated bridge is not safe.