The invention discloses a wharf model loading test device and a test method. The loading test device comprises a rotating disc, a transmission mechanism, a sensor mounting mechanism, a pre-buried component fixed to a wharf model, a pressure sensor and a tension sensor; the transmission mechanism comprises a worm wheel and a worm which are mutually engaged, and the worm wheel is connected with therotating disc and can coaxially rotate with the rotating disc; and the sensor mounting mechanism is arranged at one end of the worm and directly faces the pre-buried component, and demounting and mounting between the sensor mounting mechanism and the pressure sensor as well as between the sensor mounting mechanism and the tension sensor can be achieved. The wharf model loading test device is simple in structure and low in manufacturing cost, according to the test method, operation is convenient and quick, and the test result is high in accuracy.