The invention relates to a C/SiC-ZrC multiphase ceramic matrix composite and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of functional composite materials. The C/SiC-ZrC multiphase ceramicmatrix composite is formed by using SiC-ZrC multiphase ceramic with nano-sized ZrC phases uniformly dispersed in continuous SiC phases as a base body and using carbon fiber fabric as reinforcement, aSiC-ZrC multiphase ceramic precursor is used as an impregnating phase, the precursor is introduced into the carbon fiber fabric by a vacuum impregnation method, after a curing-forming process, high-temperature pyrolysis is performed, a SiC-ZrC multiphase ceramic matrix composite is obtained, and after the impregnation-pyrolysis process is repeated, the C/SiC-ZrC multiphase ceramic matrix compositewith excellent mechanical performance and oxidation resistance is prepared.