The invention provides a dual-fuel ignition chamber type two-stroke engine and a combustion control method, and belongs to the field of combustion of an internal combustion engine. A first cylinder cover main fuel injection nozzle is arranged on a cylinder cover and/or a first cylinder sleeve main fuel injection nozzle is arranged on a cylinder sleeve; a second cylinder cover main fuel injection nozzle is arranged on the cylinder cover and/or a second cylinder sleeve main fuel injection nozzle is arranged on the cylinder sleeve; an ignition chamber is arranged on the cylinder cover; and a second ignition chamber fuel injection nozzle and a sparking plug are arranged on the ignition chamber. The ignition chamber is connected to a combustor through a channel; and after mixed gas in the ignition chamber is ignited by the sparking plug, the engine is triggered to be on fire in the form of flame jet flow. In the state where the main fuel injection nozzles are arranged on the cylinder coverand the cylinder sleeve at the same time, under a low load, the cylinder cover main fuel injection nozzles are used for supplying fuel so as to improve thermal efficiency; at a medium load, the cylinder sleeve main fuel injection nozzles are used for supplying fuel so as to reduce NOx generation; and at a high load, the cylinder sleeve main fuel injection nozzles and the cylinder cover main fuel injection nozzles are used for supplying fuel so as to control knockings. The high-efficiency and clean combustion in the range of all operating conditions is realized.