The utility model discloses a sleeper chucking positioning device, comprising a mounting base and a sliding seat, the two outboard sides of which have a same shape with the sleepers on two sides; the bottom of the mounting base is provided with a square guide rail; the bottom of the sliding seat is sleeved outside the square guide rail through a square sleeve and is moveable along the square guide rail; and a bolt with the head in connection with the mounting base, and the end portion in connection with the sliding seat through screw threads is arranged along the direction of the square guide rail and between the mounting base and the sliding seat. The sleeper chucking positioning device can make a plurality of sleepers clamped and fixed to be a whole. Laying a rail on sleepers can not lead to the movement or turnover of the sleepers with the dragging of the rail along rail grooves, so that laying rail is more convenience and smooth and has higher efficiency.