The utility model relates to a device for acquiring a three-dimensional structure of a road surface by utilizing a digital image. The device comprises a chassis, a fixed support is arranged on the chassis, a movable sleeve is arranged outside the fixed support, an upper end of the movable sleeve extends to a top end of the fixed support, a screw rod is arranged on one side of the chassis along the fixed support, a top end of the screw rod penetrates through the movable sleeve and extends to a top part of the movable sleeve to engage with an adjusting screw, a middle section of the movable sleeve is provided with a tray which engages with the screw rod and can move upwards and downwards as the screw rod rotates, the tray is provided with a photographing unit and a trichromatic light source in the periphery of the photographing unit, the photographing unit is connected with a computer processing unit through a lead, and the trichromatic light source is connected with a galvanostat through a lead. The device in the utility model has a simple structure; and the three-dimensional structure of the road surface can be acquired only in 3 to 5 minutes, so that the device is high in testing efficiency; and compared with a laser method, the acquisition work can be finished by only a common light-emitting diode (LED) light source, and expensive lasers are not needed to be purchased additionally.